Member ofGuardian Angel(US rock band, active in the early 1970s)· 1971–1971
Member ofLightnin’(rock band from Ann Arbor, MI; active in the 1970s)(electric guitar, lead vocals)· 1971–1974
Member ofThe Rationals(band from Ann Arbor, MI, on A² records)· 1964–1970
Member ofThe Rendezvous Band(one-off band composed of the surviving members of Sonic's Rendezvous Band, plus Deniz Tek, to pay tribute to the memory of Fred Smith at a concert in 1999)
